47. World Development Reports 2021 and 2022: Education, Peace, development and quality of life in 164 countries

 

      World Development Reports published by the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies in years 2021 and 2022

Entry 47 by Maria-Carmen Guisan, Professor of Econometrics, Spain

We highlight the following table from the Report published in  AEID 2021 by Guisan, M.C., which is free downloadable by clicking on "Abstract":

       

 Source: Guisan , M.C. (2021). World Development For 1995-2020: Econometric Relationships of Human Capital, Development, Quality Of Government and Life Satisfaction In 164 Countries, Guisan, M.C   Abstract

       This Development Report of year 2021, published in journal AEID, is free downloadable and preesents data and econometric models of several indicators of quality of life in 164 countries.

                We may notice a positve evolution of Production per head,  in the 9 groups of countries of the table for the period 1995-2019, but with great differences among the lowest and the highest values, both in 1995 and 2019. Countries of groups 1 to 5 were below World average in year 2019. 

            Countries with the highest levels of Education, with average years of School Atteinment of adult population higher than 10 years, are over the World average of Production per capita and also have good average values in other indicators: Between 6.07 and 7.07  average points for  "Happiness"; average between 5.94 and 8.24 points in the indicator of Quality of Government (given by Voice of Citizens), between 5.47 and 6.30 for the indicator of Peace, and between 5.83 and 7.20 as average values of XM (being XM the meand of the indicators X1 (Happiness), X2 (Government Quality) and X4 (Peace).

                                                Updated 25-12-2022

   International Development Reports in AEID and RSES, 2021 and 2022

AEID 2022	A22-1. Political Stability, Peace And Economic Development In 164 Countries, 2010-2020, Guisan, M.C.  Abstract A22-2. Life Satisfaction,  Income, Security And Environment:  An Interregional Econometric Model of 372 Regions From  Europe, America, Asia And Oceania In Year 2016, Guisan, M.C. Abstract
AEID 2021	World Development For 1995-2020: Econometric Relationships Of Human Capital, Development, Quality Of Government And Life Satisfaction In 164 Countries, Guisan, M.C   Abstract Employment by Sector and Development in India for 1950-2020 and International Comparisons with China and OECD Countries, Guisan, M.C.Abstract
RSES-2022	R22-1. Industry, Education, Development and Quality Of Life In 53 African Countries, 1995-2020, Guisan, M.C., Exposito, P.  Abstract R22-2. Quality of Life in Countries and Regions of Europe, America, Asia and Oceania: Subjective and Objective Indicators, 2000-2020, Guisan, M.C. Abstract
RSES-2021	Spanish and European Report 2021: Wages, Productivity, Quality of Public Sector and Citizens Satisfaction, Guisan M.C. (Abstract) Industry, Education, Development and Quality Of Life In 53 African Countries, 1995-2020, Guisan, M.C., Exposito, P.  Abstract

AEID = Applied Econometrics and International Development

RSES = Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies

 Evolution in 24 years:  Real production per capita increase in 6249 Dollars (at 2017 prices) in a period of 24 years (from 1995 to 2019), what implies an average of 260 Euros per year, but in the 2 groups of poorest countries the increase was very low with only 20 Euros per year in group 1). 

      1) Education and Development: Usually Education is the variable with the highest impact on economic development and quaality of life. The indicator Tyr10 is "Total years of schooling of adult population (+25 years old) in year 2010. The value varied between a low average of 3.38 years of Schooling in group 1 (lowest level of economic development)  to 11,66 in group 9 (highest level of economic development). World average was 8.09.

      2) Average Fertility rate: As seen in the econometric model of Guisan, Aguayo and Exposito (2021) (journal AEID Vol. 1-1), there is an important impact of Education in the moderation of average fertility rates. In table 1 we may notice that countries with the lowest levels of Schooling have high average Fertility rates (4.82 children per woman in group 1) while countries with high educational levels have moderate average Fertility rates (1.53 children per women in group 9). 

        3) Indicators of Quality of Life in a scale 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum). 

Indicator X1=Happiness varies from an average of 4.27 in group 1 to 7.07 in group 9, usually increasing with real income, health care access, working conditions, and other variables related with socio-economic development. 

Indicator X2=Government Quality (calculated in the scale 0 to 10 from the World Bank data of Voice of citizens) varies from 3.12 in group 1 to 7.07 in grourp 9, usually increasin with socio-economic development.

Indicators X3 and X4 (X3=degree of conflict, X4=degree of peace). The average value of X3 varies between 6.00 in group 1 to 3.70, with many types of conflicts usually decreasing with socio-economic development. The average value of X4 varies between 4.00 in group 1 to 6.30 in group 9, usually increasing with socio-economic development. 

Indicator XM is the mean of the indicators X1, X2 and X4. The average value varies between 3.79 in group 1 to 7.20 in group 9, usually increasing with socio-economic development. 

Other contents of the Development Report: The main objetive of this report is to foster international cooperation in order to increase Schooling, Investment, Production per head and Quality of Life in the World, particularly in countries with the lowest levels.