23.2. Diminution of Poverty, Production per head, Investment and Savings in 132 countries and 21 Areas of the World, 2000-2010

 

This Entry was renamed as 23.2, and initially had number 23.1.

We expect to update this Entry with more information 

 Articles of year 2014 on World Development published in the journals AEID and RSES of the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies.

  Article in RSES Vol. 14-1: Manufacturing and Gross Domestic Product per head in 21 Areas

 

Guisan, M.C. (2014)  WorldDevelopment, 2000-2010: Production, Investment and Savings In 21 Areas of America, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Eurasia, Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies 14-1.

 

Manufacturing per head and GDP per head for the period 2000-2010

Africa: Manufacturing 278 to  282. GDP per head 2080 to 2638 

Asia-Pacific: Manufacruring 903 to 1443 GDP per head 4004 to 6333 

America: Manufacturing 3312 to 3052 GDP per head 19865 to 21908 

Europe and Eurasia: Manufacturing 3220 to 3191 GDP per head 17408 to 20828 

World: Manufacturing 1494 to 1728 GDP per capita 7905 to 9852 1

Investment per capita and Savings per capita for 2000-2010

Africa: Investment per head  413 to 620 Savings per head  471 to 578

Asia-Pacific Investment per head 1093 to 2115 Savings per head 1213 to 2315

America: Investment per head 3977 to 3811 Savings per head 3602 to 3094

Europe and Eurasia: Investment per head  3722  to 4151 Savings per head 3857 to 4195

World: Investment per head 1788 to 2403. Savings per head 1834 to 2422

Manufacturing per head and Gross Domestic Product per head increased in the World, for 2000-2010, reaching in year 2010 an Average of 1728 Dollars (at 2000 prices and parities) of real Value-Added of Manufacturing per capita and an Average of Gross Domestic Product per capita of 9852 Dollars. 

We may notice strong differences among 21 great Areas of the World.

The Areas with the highest values of Manufacturing per head (over 3000) where in North America and Europe. The Areas with the lowest values (lower than 500) where in  India and South and in Africa.

There are also strong differences in the capacity of Savings per head and Investment per head. With a World Average of around 2400 Dollars per capita in year 2010 in both variables. The poorest countries had little capacity to increase Savings per capita, what implies the need of international cooperation to development.

The article includes information for 132 countries

The article shows the great impact of the increase of GDP per head in order to diminish poverty. It includes the econometric estimation of the positive impact of Manufacturing on No Manufacturing real Value-Added per head, and also the analysis of the impact of Investment per capita on Production per capita.

The article includes an interesting Annex:

Annex 2. Macro-econometric models and impact of financial capacity on development

Macroeconometric models demand, supply and disequilibrium approaches. Comparing the estimation of development with a Keynesian Approach, a Neoclassical Approach and a Disequilibrium Model that has into account the role of Foreign Trade and Intermediate Inputs.

OtherNews;  articles of journals RSES and AEID in year 2014

International Development. Articles, free downloadable, published in year 2014 by the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies. These article and the full index of volumes 14-1 and 14-2, of year 2014, appear at Ideas.Repec and at the journals Websites:

http://www.usc.es/economet/aeid.htm (Applied Econometrics and International Development (AEID))

http://www.usc.es/economet/rses.htm (Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies (RSES)
For free access, please click on the title and then on "download" and "download the selected file".

International Comparisons

RSES 14-1: WorldDevelopment, 2000-2010: Production, Investment and Savings In 21 Areas of America, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Eurasia, Guisan, M.C.

AEID 14-1:  On The Impact Of Public Debt On Economic Growth In 23 Countries, 1996-2007, Dar, A.A., Amirkhalkhali, S.A.

AEID 14-2: Time Dynamics of Stabilization Theories and Responses to Debt and Financial Crises: An Analysis of Mexico, Argentina, Nigeria and Ghana, 1960-2011, Warburton, C.E.S. 

European Studies

AEID14-1: Industry, Productivity, Employment and Development in 96 European Regions, 2005-2010, Guisan, M.C., Cancelo, M.T.  

AEID 14-2. Expatriates Performance and Permanence: Analysis by Gender of 124 Spanish Managers , Bastida, M., Cancelo, M.T.  

America

AEID 14-2: Foreign Direct Investment of Spain in Latin America: Brazil, Argentina And Mexico, Martinez, E., Jareño, F.  

MENA countries

AEID 14-1: Are Exports and Imports Cointegrated? Evidence from Nine MENA Countries, Husein, J. 

Asia 

AEID14-2. Econometric Model of Manufacturing, Investment and Development In 30 Countries of Asia-Pacific, Guisan, M.C., Aguayo, E., Exposito, P.  

Link to the journals AEID and RSES, with free downloadable articles 

List of all the Entries of this Blog

23.1. Tribute in Memory of Lawrence .R. Klein: Professor Klein in Spain 1981-2013

    Meeting of Project Link in Salamanca (Spain) in year 1994. Professor Lawrence R. Klein 

(3rd from the left)  and several Spanish Professors of Applied Economics: Josefa Fernandez-Arufe

 to this left,   J.Bernardo Pena-Trapero (to the left of Josefa), Antonio Pulido and Adolfo Castilla

 (5th and 6th from the lefft at the 1st fow) and other international participants in the meeting.

                            Actualización de 20-10-2025

Tribute in memory of Professor Lawrence R. Klein, Honorary Presidente of the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies

Nobel Prize: The biography of Lawrence Robert Klein appears at the Nobel Prize Website: He was born in Omaha(N.E. USA) on 14th September of 1920, and died on 20th October 2013 in Gladwyne, PA, USA. They remark the profound impact of the Great Depression on this priority for Economic Models and Policies to prevent crises:

"His growing up under the Great Depression had a profound impact on his professional career. Klein went on to study at the University of California in Berkley before earning his Ph.D. in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1944. He worked at several universities in the US, and resided in the UK for a few years. Klein also worked as chief economic advisor to Jimmy Carter during his 1976 presidential campaign".

Wikipedia

Memories

Memories at the Wharton School:

Memories at the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies: We express our heartfelt condolences for the passing of Professor Lawrence R. Klein at the age of 92 on 10th Octoboer of 2013. We wish to show our gratitude to Professor L.R. Klein, who has honoured our Euro-American Association  by accepting to be Honorary President of the Advisory Board of our journal international journal Aplied Econometrcis and International Development (AEID), published by our Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies (EAADS), until his deeply felt death on 10th October of year 2013. We include, in this Entry of our Blog, a reference to the friends and links of Professor Klein in Spain for the period 1981-2013, in the Sections: Profesor Klein in Spain and Our meetings with L.R. Klein.

Condolences by Director of Project Link: In an article in Spanish, by Andrea Larios-Vazquez (2014): Lawrence Robert Klein, 1920-2013,  in Vol. 2014. Núm. 388. of Elsevier Informa, in Mexico, this author indicates that Peter Pauly Director of Project Link, declared_

“But for all of us he was, of course, the Founding Father of Project Link, its creator and life-long supporter. It is particularly poignant to lose him at a time when so many of us are gathered in New York for our annual meeting at the United Nations. For all of us, he was a friend and generous mentor. Many were his colleagues or students, and we all are in awe of his lifetime achievements. He was unfailingly supportive, kind, and engaged. The project would not exist with out him, and many of us owe their careers to his mentorship. Our thoughts go out to his wife Sonia, his children and many grandchildren. We will send our deepest condolences on behalf of the entire Link family”.

Professor Klein in Spain. 

L.R. Klein and the UAM, Madrid: There has been an important relationship of Professor Klein with Professor Antonio Pulido at the University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) for many years, where he was Doctor Honoris Causa, a high distinction, in year 1981 and the university created a Research Institute on this tribute (The L.R. Klein Institute at the UAM, Madrid). 

Interesting Information and photos of the relationship of L.R. Klein with the UAM: Article written by Professor Jose Vicens at the  Website of history of the UAM Faculty of Economics

Profesor Jose Vicens states: ".... the genesis of the institute began in the 1977-78 academic year, when Professor Adolfo Castilla, a personal friend of the later Nobel Prize winner in economics and honorary doctor of the UAM, Professor Lawrence R. Klein, proposed to our group the development of an econometric model for Spain, in the manner and form in which the models were developed at WEFA (Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates)".

L.R. Klein and the Congress of ASEPELT in Barcelona, 1986: Professors Pulido and Pena, organized, together with other economists interested, the creation of the Association of Applied Economics ASEPELT Spain, and invited to Professor L.R. Klein to the foundation Congress in Barcelona in year 1986. 

L.R. Klein in A Coruña and Santiago de Compostela, 1986:

    From left to write; Kenneth  Galbraith, Gonzalo Ortiz, Lawrence R.Klein, Enrique Marfany, 

    and  Maria-Carmen Guisán, First Congress of Economists of Galicia, A Coruña 1986.

 L.R. Klein (4th from the left) with members of FEUGA (Foundation of University and Enterprises, and with Professors Maria-Carmen Guisan and Adolfo Castilla t(o the right), Santiago de Compostela, 1986

L.R. Klein in Salamanca, 1994: In year 1994 the Project Link meeting was held in Salamanca, and Professor Klein was the leader of the meeting. It was a very interesting meeting with participants from many countries. Here are some photographs of the meeting. The meeting was organized by the Regional Government of Castilla y León. 

  The complete pictures of the Project Link meeting 1994 at Salamanca (Spain),                   Lawrence R.Klein and economists from all over the World. Among Spanish                   economists there are several teachers from the universities UAM and UAH

 Madrid), UVA (Valladolid), USC (Santiago de Compostela) and UDC (A Coruña)

               

L.R. Klein in Santiago de Compostela, Spain), 2004: Professor Klein has been a great support to the internationaljournal AEID (Applied Econometrics and International Development), published by the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies, which is included in the prestigious Index Scopus of Elsevier, and other outstanding indexes, with a high position at the downloads ranking of Ideas.Repec (both by total downloads and by downloads per item). He has colaborated as an author, publishing and article on India and China, in year 2004, and also as Honorary President of the Advisory Council of AEID from 2001 until his deeply felt death in year 2013.

    Professor Lawrence R. Klein and his wife Sonia Klein, in year 2004, with teachers

    and students of the Master ESI of International Sectoral Economics (USC), 

   Photo at  the Obradoiro Square of the city of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).

Other visits of L.R. Klein to Spain: Professor L.R. has colaborated as Member of the Comittee of Economics Prizes of the the Foundation King James I of Castellñn (Spain), and has visited Valladolid in the celebration of the Statistical Office of the region of Castilla y Leon in year 2005.

Our meetings with L.R. Klein (by the President of the Euro-American Associatio (EAAEDES) , Professor Maria-Carmen Guisan : 

"We have had several opportunities to meet Professor L.R. Klein in Spain: 1) At the Congress of Economists of Galicia in year 1986, in the city of A Coruña, 2) in his visit to the University of Santiago de Compostela in the save year, at the First Congress of the Applied Economics Association ASEPELT in Barcelona in the same year, 4) at the Project Link Meeting in year 1994 at Salamanca. 5) Since year 2000 we have met him, and his wife Sonia, in their travel to the city of Santiago de Compostela of year 2004, where they had a meeting with members of our Euro-American Associationf of Economic Development Studies and with students of our international Master on Economics. For the periodo 2001-2013, s Honorary President of our journal AEID, he has been a great support to the journal."

In Entry 63 of this Blog we celebrate the "25th Anniversary of the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Stuides", with our gratitude to the great support received from Professor L.R. Klein, and with a summary of activities of the Association for the period 2001-2025.

Some remarkable Publications of L.R. Klein:

The list of his works at Ideas.Repec includes 179 works (11 working papers, 106 journal articles, 50 chapters and 12 books:

Some remarkable works are those pioneer on regional modeling and macroeconometric models.

 

Regional Models: The influence of L.R. Klein on the development of econometrics models of the United States, has been outstanding. Two pioneering studies, that we cite, as well as several models from Glickman and other authors, in a book on Interregional Models (book EE5 of the series EE-AHG). 

KLEIN, L.R. (1969). "The Specification of Regional Econometric Models".

Papers of the Regional Science Association, 23. pp. 105-115.

KLEIN, L. R.; GLICKMAN, N.J.(1977). "Econometric Model-Building at Regional Level". Regional Science and Urban Economics, vol. 7. pp.3-23.

We have had the opportunity to cite these articles in several works as it may be seen at Ideas.Repec citations of Klein, L.R. (1969). and at Ideas.Repec citations of Klein and Glickman(1977).

Macroeconometric models

Lawrence R. Klein, 1976. "Project LINK: Linking National Economic Models," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(5), pages 25-29, November.

Klein, L R, 1985. "New Developments in Project LINK," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(2), pages 223-227, May.

The following table includes the titles and a short list of contents of 3 selected books of his authorship

Articles about the works of Professor Klein:

Lawrence R. Klein y la economía aplicada

Pulido San Román, A.(*) y Pérez García, J.(**) Instituto “L.R.Klein”-Centro Stone,.

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 

La herencia de Klein (1920-2013): Una visión de futuro , by Antonio Pulido (2015). Estudios de Economía Aplicada

Other News of the Euro-American Association of Economic Development Studies 2013 and 2014

In Entry 22 we include an analysis of year 2013 about the econimic crisis of the European Union for 2008-2012 and a reference to the EU Parliament Debate in year 2013.

In Entry 23-2 we have moved the old content of this Entry 23-1 related with new publications of year 2014.